Rice and wheat are the two most consumed food grains in India. They are the staple food for millions of people and provide essential calories and nutrients. However, a recent study by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has found that rice and wheat varieties bred for high yields may be lower in essential nutrients like zinc and iron, and higher in arsenic, a toxic element.
The study, which was conducted in 12 states across India, found that rice and wheat varieties bred for high yields had lower levels of zinc and iron compared to traditional varieties. The levels of arsenic were also found to be higher in high-yielding varieties.
These findings are a cause for concern, as zinc and iron deficiencies are already widespread in India. Zinc deficiency can lead to stunted growth, impaired immunity, and diarrhea. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Arsenic exposure can lead to a number of health problems, including cancer, skin lesions, and heart disease.
The ICAR study highlights the need to focus on breeding rice and wheat varieties that are not only high-yielding but also nutritious. There are a number of ongoing efforts to develop bio-fortified rice and wheat varieties that are higher in essential nutrients. These efforts need to be scaled up in order to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply in India. Switching over to indegenous varieties of these grains is a practical and safe option
In addition to breeding more nutritious crops, it is also important to educate people about the importance of a balanced diet. People need to be aware of the risks of consuming too much rice and wheat, and they need to include other nutritious foods in their diet, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
By taking these steps, we can ensure that rice and wheat continue to be a staple food in India, but that they also provide the essential nutrients that people need to stay healthy.
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